第三周:栽树(二叉树等)
03-树1 树的同构 (25分)
小白专场会做详细讲解,基本要求,一定要做 题目大意:给定两棵树,请你判断它们是否是同构的。
思路
1.二叉树的表示 数组存储结构体,结构体含数据、左右孩子的下标(Null代表-1) 2.建二叉树 返回根节点下标 3.同构判断 利用递归。若R1、R2同时为空,返回true。若其中一个为空,返回false。若根节点元素就不相同,则返回false。然后进行左右子树的判断,若两个左子树都为空,则判断右子树是否同构。若两个左子树都不为空且元素相同,不用交换直接判断,否则交换判断。
代码
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define maxsize 11
#define Null -1
typedef int Tree;
struct TNode {
char data;
Tree left,right;
}T1[maxsize], T2[maxsize];
Tree BuildTree(struct TNode T[]){
int N,root;
char l,r;
bool isroot[maxsize];
root = Null;
scanf("%d", &N);
if(N) {
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) isroot[i] = true;
getchar();
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
scanf("%c %c %c", &T[i].data, &l, &r);
getchar();
if(l != '-') {
T[i].left = l -'0';
isroot[T[i].left] = false;
} else T[i].left = Null;
if(r != '-') {
T[i].right = r -'0';
isroot[T[i].right] = false;
} else T[i].right = Null;
}
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
if(isroot[i]) {
root = i;
break;
}
}
return root;
}
bool judge(Tree R1, Tree R2) {
if(R1 == Null && R2 == Null)
return true; //两个都为空
if((R1 == Null && R2 != Null) || (R1 != Null && R2 == Null))
return false; //其中一个为空
if(T1[R1].data != T2[R2].data)
return false; //根节点元素就不一样
//两个左子树都为空,则判断右子树是否同构
if(T1[R1].left == Null && T2[R2].left == Null)
return judge(T1[R1].right, T2[R2].right);
//两个左子树都不为空且元素相同,不用交换
if((T1[R1].left != Null) && (T2[R2].left != Null)
&& (T1[T1[R1].left].data == T2[T2[R2].left].data))
return judge(T1[R1].left, T2[R2].left) &&
judge(T1[R1].right, T2[R2].right);
else {//交换左右子树,判断
return judge(T1[R1].left, T2[R2].right) &&
judge(T1[R1].right, T2[R2].left);
}
}
int main() {
Tree R1, R2;
R1 = BuildTree(T1);
R2 = BuildTree(T2);
if(judge(R1, R2))
cout << "Yes" << endl;
else cout << "No" << endl;
return 0;
}
测试点
03-树2 List Leaves (25分)
训练建树和遍历基本功,一定要做
题目大意
给定一棵树,你应该按自上而下的顺序列出所有的叶子结点,从左到右。
思路
按自上到下,从左往右的顺序输出叶子结点的,则需要进行层次遍历,整体代码与3-1大致相同
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define maxsize 11
#define Null -1
typedef int Tree;
int cnt;
struct TNode {
int data;
Tree left,right;
}T1[maxsize];
Tree BuildTree(struct TNode T[]){
int N,root;
char l,r;
bool isroot[maxsize];
root = Null;
scanf("%d", &N);
if(N) {
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) isroot[i] = true;
getchar();
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
scanf("%c %c", &l, &r);
getchar();
if(l != '-') {
T[i].left = l -'0';
isroot[T[i].left] = false;
} else T[i].left = Null;
if(r != '-') {
T[i].right = r -'0';
isroot[T[i].right] = false;
} else T[i].right = Null;
}
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
if(isroot[i]) {
root = i;
break;
}
}
return root;
}
void LevelOrderTraversal(Tree R) {
queue<Tree> q; //保存暂不访问的节点
if(R == Null) return;
q.push(R);
while(!q.empty()) {
Tree R1 = q.front();
q.pop();
if(T1[R1].left == Null && T1[R1].right == Null) {//为叶子结点
if(cnt != 0) {
printf(" %d", R1);
} else printf("%d",R1);
cnt++;
}
if(T1[R1].left != Null) {
q.push(T1[R1].left);
}
if(T1[R1].right != Null) {
q.push(T1[R1].right);
}
}
}
int main() {
int N;
Tree R1, R2;
R1 = BuildTree(T1);
LevelOrderTraversal(R1);
return 0;
}
03-树3 Tree Traversals Again (25分)
是2014年秋季PAT甲级考试真题,稍微要动下脑筋,想通了其实程序很基础,建议尝试
题目大意
给定push序列和pop序列即该二叉树的先序遍历和中序遍历序列,求后序遍历序列。
思路
可用递归实现!先将两个序列搞出来,还原一棵二叉树,再进行后序遍历。
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define maxsize 35
#define Null -1
int N, x, pcnt,icnt,cnt;
typedef int Tree;
struct TNode {
int data;
Tree left,right;
}T1[maxsize];
string o;
stack<char> s;
int c2i(char ch) {
return ch - '0';
}
Tree Rebuild(string pre,string in) { //已知前序和中序,求这棵树
Tree R;
if(pre.empty() && in.empty()) return Null;
R = c2i(pre[0]);
int l, r, Rindex,len;
len = pre.length();
Rindex = in.find(pre[0],0); //中序遍历中根节点的下标
l = Rindex; //左子树序列的长度
r = len - 1 - Rindex; //右子树序列的长度
if (Rindex != 0) //存在左子树
T1[R].left = Rebuild(pre.substr(1,l), in.substr(0, l));
else T1[R].left = Null;
if (Rindex != len-1) //存在右子树
T1[R].right = Rebuild(pre.substr(Rindex + 1, r), in.substr(Rindex + 1, r));
else T1[R].right = Null;
return R;
}
void PostOrderTraversal(Tree R) {
if (R == Null) return;
PostOrderTraversal(T1[R].left);
PostOrderTraversal(T1[R].right);
if(cnt == 0) cout << R;
else cout << " " << R;
cnt++;
}
int main() {
string preod,inod;
char ch;
cin >> N;
getchar();
int n = 2*N;
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cin >> o;
if(o == "Push") { //前序
cin >> x;
ch = x + '0';
s.push(ch);
preod = preod + ch;
} else { //中序
inod = inod + s.top();
s.pop();
}
getchar();
}
Tree R1;
R1 = Rebuild(preod, inod);
PostOrderTraversal(R1);
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
测试点
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